an 8th grade education

Here is something OT, but since it concerns history, it is kinda Not OT. I thought it was very interesting and maybe shed some light on what students back in the day were taught. Even though they were in one room schoolhouses with no computers and few books, they were probably taught quite a bit more. About life, values and real education, not just time-filler stuff or busywork.


What it took to get an 8th grade education in 1895


Remember when grandparents and great-grandparents stated that they only had an 8th grade education?

Well, check this out. Could any of us have passed the 8th grade in 1895?
This is the eighth-grade final exam from 1895 in Salina, Kansas, USA. It was taken from the original document on file at the Smokey Valley Genealogical Society and Library in Salina, KS, and reprinted by the Salina Journal.

8th Grade Final Exam: Salina, KS -1895


Grammar (Time given: one hour)

1. Give nine rules for the use of capital letters.
2. Name the parts of speech and define those that have no modifications.
3. Define verse, stanza and paragraph
4. What are the principal parts of a verb? Give principal parts of"lie,""play," and "run."
5. Define case; Illustrate each case.
6. What is punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of punctuation.
7 - 10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.


Arithmetic (Time given: 1.25 hours)

1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.
2. A wagon box is 2 ft. deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?
3. If a load of wheat weighs 3942 lbs., what is it worth at 50cts/bushel, deducting 1050 lbs. for tare?
4. District No. 33 has a valuation of $35,000. What is the necessary levy to carry on a school seven months at $50 per month,
and have $104 for incidentals?
5. Find the cost of 6720 lbs. coal at $6.00 per ton.
6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.
7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft. long at $20 per metre?
8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.
9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance of which is 640 rods?
1! 0. Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.


U.S. History (Time given: 45 minutes)

1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.
2. Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus.
3. Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.
4. Show the territorial growth of the United States.
5. Tell what you can of the history of Kansas.
6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.
7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?
8. Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1800, 1849, 1865.


Orthography (Time given: one hour)

Side note...do we even know what "orthography" is??!! LOL

1. What is meant by the following: Alphabet, phonetic, orthography, etymology, syllabication
2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?
3. What are the following, and give examples of each: Trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals
4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u.' (HUH?)
5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e.' Name two exceptions under each rule.
6. Give two uses of silent letters in spelling. Illustrate each.
7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: bi, dis, mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, sup.
8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.
9. Use the following correctly in sentences: cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane, vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.
10. Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.


Geography (Time given: one hour)

1 What is climate? Upon what does climate depend?
2. How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas?
3. Of what use are rivers? Of what use is the ocean?
4. Describe the mountains of North America
5. Name and describe the following: Monrovia, Odessa, Denver, Manitoba, Hecla, Yukon, St. Helena, Juan Fernandez, Aspinwall and Orinoco.
6. Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S.
7. Name all the republics of Europe and give the capital of each.
8. Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?
9. Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns to the sources of rivers.
10. Describe the movements of the! earth. Give the inclination of the earth.

Notice that the exam took FIVE HOURS to complete.
Gives the saying "he only had an 8th grade education" a whole new meaning, doesn't it?

If I had taken this test I probably would have done well on the Grammar, and not so well on the Math section.I'm pretty good in History and I don't know the answers to these questions:
1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.
6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.
7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?
Does anyone know what epochs means? Note: I know who Morse, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, and Penn are, but who are Whitney and Howe? Also, I have no clue what "orthography" is, do any of you guys know? These are pretty hard:
1. What is meant by the following: Alphabet, phonetic, orthography, etymology, syllabication
2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?
3. What are the following, and give examples of each: Trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals
4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u.' (HUH?)
5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e.' Name two exceptions under each rule.
7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: bi, dis, mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, sup.
8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.
9. Use the following correctly in sentences: cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane, vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.
10. Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.
When they ask what is meant by the following do they mean what do the phrases mean? Out of all the things in the "orthography" section syllabication is one of the only things I know.... Is that bad? Syllabication has to do with syllabals right? What does diacritically mean? The Geography looks pretty easy to me. They learned more things in eighth grade than we do now, that is very surprising to me! They probably knew more things by the time they were my age! [img]rolleyes.gif[/img] Also, does anyone know what linguals is? It sounds to me like it has something to do with languages. Post means after, right? Also, does bi mean two(like bilingual) and non is not, right? Sorry if I confused anyone with my questions!

<font color="#051E50" size="1">[ November 14, 2005 07:44 PM: Message edited by: AGfanatic ]</font>

You've asked some very intelligent questions!

* Does anyone know what epochs means?
An epic is an era, a division of time in history.

* I know who Morse, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, and Penn are, but who are Whitney and Howe?
I'm not sure about Howe, but there was a British general named William Howe who has some key wins over George Washington in the American Revolution. Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. (Or as School House Rock says so beautifully, "Things were rotten in the land of cotton til Whitney made the cotton gin."

* Also, I have no clue what "orthography" is, do any of you guys know?
The term we'd use today would be linguisitcs. If you have a chance to take a linguistics course in college, especially if you are majoring or minoring in any kind of humanity, English or education, do it! That was my favorite class. It was *tough,* but I learned so much. It helped that I had a great professor. That was my first quarter in grad school.

* When they ask what is meant by the following do they mean what do the phrases mean?
Yes, they are asking "what is the definition of the following terms or phrases?"

* Out of all the things in the "orthography" section syllabication is one of the only things I know.... Is that bad?
Not for someone who hasn't studied English in a university or taken a course specifically in linguistics. I wouldn't expect most high school students to know these terms-- given what current curriculum contains, not that they shouldn't know these terms-- and you'd be surprised how many do not understand the concept of syllabication-- which is something you SHOULD know before leaving 3rd or 4th grade. IMO, grammar is not stressed enough in schools. I was told last year, "we don't teach grammar in 10th grade. They know it already." The truth was, they didn't, so guess who taught it anyhow? Now, those juniors know!

* Syllabication has to do with syllabals right?
Yes, to break down a word into syllables.

* What does diacritically mean?
to distinguish or set apart

*Also, does anyone know what linguals is? It sounds to me like it has something to do with languages.
It's more about sounds than whole languages. It's about the tongue and mouth and how sounds are formed. Henry Higgins was a linguist; he didn't study English; he studied sounds and how the human body made them. (If you don't know who Henry Higgins is, google him, and then rent the Audry Hepburn version of the movie this weekend!)

*Post means after, right? Also, does bi mean two(like bilingual) and non is not, right?
Yes on all three. Very good!

http://www.snopes.com/language/document/1895exam.htm
It's an urban legend.


That being said. I never went beyond the 6th grade(yes 6th, eh long story) and can anwser all of those. It'll take me a little time if you want me to prove it, of course [img]smile.gif[/img]

<font color="#051E50" size="1">[ November 14, 2005 08:39 PM: Message edited by: GreyMyst ]</font>

I would only pass in geography. [img]redface.gif[/img] After all I was the school's geography bee champ!(twice!) [img]tongue.gif[/img]

Morse as in the Morse Code
Eli Whiteny
Alexander Graham Bell
Abraham Lincon
William Penn
George Howe

Ashley

Just recently in English we had to do a little bit of stuff on comma's because the teacher thought some of us might not be good at putting commas in the correct places. I find that kind of surprising. Things like commas, capitalizing names of people and places, etc. usually stay in my memory permanently(which doesn't usually happen with most things).

jrtmom3274 thanks for answering all of my questions!
[img]biggrin.gif[/img] [img]graemlins/thumbs_up.gif[/img]

Quote:

---

http://www.snopes.com/language/document/1895exam.htm
It's an urban legend.

---

<font size="2" face="Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif">Oh, how I love snopes! Thanks for posting that!

[img]eek.gif[/img] that's a HARD test! The only section I'd be good at was history. Howe, I think, could be Samuel Gridley Howe or Julia Ward Howe

I think that Howe is probably Elias Howe (introduced the first sewing machine in America) because there are several inventors included on that list.

Quote:

---

Originally posted by AGfanatic:
Just recently in English we had to do a little bit of stuff on comma's because the teacher thought some of us might not be good at putting commas in the correct places. I find that kind of surprising. Things like commas, capitalizing names of people and places, etc. usually stay in my memory permanently(which doesn't usually happen with most things).

---

<font size="2" face="Verdana, Helvetica, sans-serif">At the risk of hurting your feelings - but you strike me as the kind of person who wants to get things absolutely correct - did you know that you've used an apostrophe incorrectly? The plural of comma is commas - no apostrophe - because an apostrophe is used to indicate possessives (something belonging to the comma?) or an omission (like in didn't - the apostrophe indicates that the "o" in "did not" is missing).
From a fussbudget English major!

<font color="#33CCCC" size="1">[ August 19, 2006 01:19 AM: Message edited by: JeanieD ]</font>

Dang, girl your smoken. [img]graemlins/star.gif[/img] [img]graemlins/star.gif[/img]

Greymyst, how did you only go to sixth grade?
I was just intereted, and if you don't want to tell why you don't have to. (=

It's better not to post about it. It's not that I mind talking about it, but it is just VERY far outside the scope of this board and even this thread. I think I have mentioned before that I had a unusual and abusive upbringing. Let's just leave it at that.

I did get my GED at 17 with a VERY high score though, and I am quite intelligent (if I do say so myself). I even have the piece of paper to prove it, same as if I had went to school. [img]biggrin.gif[/img]


NOW for the TEST!


Here?s the answers. They may not have liked some of the ways I answered but most are still correct as far as I know

1. Give nine rules for the use of Capital Letters.

Capitalizing the first word in a sentence.
Capitalizing the word ?I? when referring to yourself.
Capitalize the first word in a quote.
Capitalize the first word of each line of a poem. ( unless you are copying someone?s else?s poem and it was not capitalized in that one).
Capitalize names of days, months, holidays, and special events
Capitalize both letters in abbreviations: like A.M. and P.M., and the 2 letter postal state abbreviations
Capitalize the names of places like Countries and Oceans
Capitalize religious figures names, titles and the names of deities or religious figure (God, Pope John Paul II, Allah, stuff like that)
Use a capital letter for official titles like military ranks
Capitalize every word, except the ones like ?it? or ?the? (I think these are conjuctions?) in the titles of works of books and music and stuff, etc.
Capitalize the first word of titles even if it a word like ?The? or ?It?

2. Name the Parts of Speech and define those that have no modifications.

Noun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection, Article, Pronoun

Interjections, articles, prepositions, and conjunctions don?t have modifications.


3. Define Verse, Stanza and Paragraph.

A verse is a single line of a poem or a single bible quote. (such as John 3:16 or whatever)

A stanza is a grouping of lines in poetry.

A paragraph is a section of something written, and it?s usually indented


4. What are the Principal Parts of a verb? Give Principal Parts of do, lie, lay and run.

Present, past, past participle, present participle.

do, does, doing, did,
lie, lies, lied, lying,
lay, laying, lays, laid,
run, ran, runs, running

5. Define Case, Illustrate each Case.

Since this is in grammar, case means what a noun or pronoun does. The cases are subjective, objective, and possessive

6. What is Punctuation? Give rules for principal marks of Punctuation.

Punctuation are the thingies used to make stuff easier to read, such as periods, commas, semi-colons, and exclamation points.

7-10. Write a composition of about 150 words and show therein that you understand the practical use of the rules of grammar.


These types of tests are quite arbitrary, and their difficulty depends on the preparatory work done by the person taking it. A person who was taught the test itself and not the material, as was often the cause in the 19th century, although superficially educated would not be as intelligent as someone who actually learned and knew the material well. It is a misnomer to point to the scores on standardized aptitude to make the point that one group is better educated than another. As well, isolated minutiae such as a test given in some town, in one smaller area, are not indicative of a complete culture; in this case, the educational culture of the 19th century. There were many intelligent people and many who were not, both then and today. Intelligence does not always convert into test taking skills and will always skewer results when used as an exclusive method of analysis of a person?s overall education.

(I checked it in MS Word, 158 words)


Arithmetic (Time, 1.25 hours)


I **** at math, and haven?t done this type of stuff in 10+ years. Half of these very well may be wrong.


1. Name and define the Fundamental Rules of Arithmetic.

Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

Addition is adding numbers to get a total. Subtraction is finding the reminder after you take away as certain number. Multiplication is the repeated addition of one number to arrive at the answer. In other words, it is a shortcut. Instead of adding 5+5+5, a person can just multiply 5x3, and get the same answer. Division is the process of diving one number amongst another.

2. A wagon box is 2 ft. deep, 10 feet long, and 3 ft. wide. How many bushels of wheat will it hold?

It is 60 cubic feet, which would hold about 45 bushels depending on if they were heaped up or not

3. If a load of wheat weighs 3942 lbs., what is it worth at 50 cts. per bu, deducting 1050
lbs. for tare?


3942-1050=2892
2892 ? 58 = 50 (rounded off because it?s a long ridiculous number otherwise)
$.50 a bushel x 50= $25

If you get totally exact, and use the long number (I cheated on this way and used a calculator) it?s $24.93


4. District No. 33 has a valuation of $35,000. What is the necessary levy to carry on a
school seven months at $50 per month, and have $104 for incidentals?

$50 X 7 + $104=$454.
$454 ? $35,000 equals .013 levy


5. Find cost of 6720 lbs. coal at $6.00 per ton.

6720 ? 2000 (one ton) = 3.36
3.36 x 6 = $20.16

6. Find the interest of $512.60 for 8 months and 18 days at 7 percent.

A banks month is 30 days no matter what real months are, so that makes all months 30 days and a year 360 days.

8 x 30 = 240
240 + 18 = 258
258 ? 360 = 0.7
0.7 x 512.60

= $35.88

7. What is the cost of 40 boards 12 inches wide and 16 ft. long at $.20 per inch?

12 inches is one foot so
16 x 1 = 16
40 x 16 = 640
480 x .20 =$128

8. Find bank discount on $300 for 90 days (no grace) at 10 percent.

90 days is ? of the year so

.10 ? 4 =.025
.025 x $300 = $7.50

9. What is the cost of a square farm at $15 per acre, the distance around which is 640 rods?

I had to look it up but an acre is 256 square rods.

640 ? 4=160
160 x 160 = 25600
25600 ? 256 = 100
100 x 15 = $1500

10. Write a Bank Check, a Promissory Note, and a Receipt.

Bank Check:


Bank Of Notarealbank
2005
Los Angeles, California

November 14, 2005

Pay To The Order Of Notarealplace
$50.00
Fifty and 0/100 --------------------Dollars
Proving I can write a check
Sara Surname


Promissory Note:

I Sara , do hereby promise to pay to Notarealbank the amount of $120 in 12 equal payments of $10 each on the 15th of each month starting January 1st, 2006 , ending December 1st, 2007, for principal $50 at 0 percent simple interest
Sara Surname, November 14, 2005



Receipt:

Notarealplace
Receipt
Los Angeles, California
November 14, 2005
Received Of
Sara Surname
$50.00
Fifty and 0/100 --------------------Dollars
Proving I can write a receipt
Phony P. Person, CEO Notarealplace


U.S. History (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Give the epochs into which U.S. History is divided.

The History of the United States of America is divided into these several epochs:
a.) Period of Discovery and Settlement (1492 - 1690)
b.) Expansion of the Colonies (1690 - 1763)
c.) Securing Independence (1763 - 1774)
d.) The Critical Period (1774 - 1780)
e.) Testing Self-Government and the Constitution (1780 - 1840)
f.) Straining the Constitution (1840 - 1876)
g.) The United States - A Greater Nation (to present)

2. Give an account of the discovery of America by Columbus.

This one is a very easy question. Columbus did not discover America. Leif Erickson had been there 500 years before him, and Native Americans had been there consistently for roughly 10,000 years or more before Erickson arrived. The person who ?discovered? America was undoubtedly a person in the ethnic group we now refer to as Native American, and who?s name and any information about them , has been lost to antiquity.

3. Relate the causes and results of the Revolutionary War.

Although the causes of the revolutionary war were numerous there was only one primary cause, the British government treating the colonies in an unfair and unjust manner. The result was that a new country, The United States of America was formed. ☺

5. Tell what you can of the history of Kansas.

I can tell you I know nothing of the founding of Kansas except that White settlers drove out the people who lived there and took over.

6. Describe three of the most prominent battles of the Rebellion.

Is the Civil war the rebellion they mean? I?m not real sure about that, if so.

7. Who were the following: Morse, Whitney, Fulton, Bell, Lincoln, Penn, and Howe?

Samuel F.B. Morse , inventor of the telegraph
Eli Whitney , Inventor of the cotton gin
Robert Fulton - inventor of the steamboat
Alexander Graham Bell - inventor of the telephone
Abraham Lincoln ? Former President of the United States
William Penn - The founder of Pennsylvania
Elias Howe - Inventor of the sewing machine

8. Name events connected with the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1800, 1849, and 1865?

1607, Jamestown colony founded
1620, Pilgrims landed
1800, Election of 1800, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied in the election. The House of Representatives choose between the two and picked Jefferson.
1849, California Gold Rush
1865, The end of the ?Civil War?



Orthography (Time, one hour)

Orthography are the rules of language for anyone who doesn?t know

1. What is meant by the following: Alphabet, phonetic orthography, etymology, syllabication?

An Alphabet is the group of characters used to write things in a language. We use the ?roman? alphabet, whereas countries like Japan and Korea use different alphabets, namely the Hiragana Alphabet (Japan), Katakana alphabet (Japan), and Hangul Alphabet (Korea)

Phonetic orthography is the accepted writing of written sounds. Color vs. colour, etc. The accepted phonetic orthography varies by country, but is gradually becoming more similar because of international exchanges of ideas.

Etymology is the study or words, their origins and roots in earlier languages.

Syllabication is breaking down a word into parts, or syllables to make it more understandable

2. What are elementary sounds? How classified?

Elementary sounds are consonants and vowels.

b,c,d,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w,x,y,z consonants
a,e,i,o,u and sometimes y are vowels


3. What are the following, and give examples of each: Trigraph, subvocals, diphthong, cognate letters, linguals?

A trigraph is a combination of 3 letters that make one sound one sound.
A subvocal is a silent or nearly silent sound.
A dipthong is a complex vowel sound
Cognate letters are letter that are in the same category like a and o both being vowels (? I think this is it , heck if I remember)
Linguals are the spoken sounds of a language.

4. Give four substitutes for caret 'u'.

Caret ?u? is an ooh sound , substitutes might be
oo in too, eau in bureau, oe in shoe, and ooh as in Winnie the Pooh

5. Give two rules for spelling words with final 'e'. Name two exceptions under each rule.

When adding an ending to a word with a silent e at the end, get rid of it before adding a suffix. Exceptions include mileage and noticeable.

If a suffix starts with consonant, keep the e. Exceptions include mileages and noticeably.


6. Give two uses of silent letters in spelling. Illustrate each.


Ps used as S as in psoriasis
Ws used as an H as in whole

7. Define the following prefixes and use in connection with a word: bi, dis, mis, pre, semi, post, non, inter, mono, super.

bi means having two.
dis means to take away from.
mis means wrong or bad
pre means before
semi means partially
post means after
non means not.
inter means inside or same
mono means ones
super means above

8. Mark diacritically and divide into syllables the following, and name the sign that indicates the sound: Card, ball, mercy, sir, odd, cell, rise, blood, fare, last.

This is online, so I can?t really make diacritical marks look right. I will have to skip this one for technical reasons (and I am certainly not complaining either, heh)

9. Use the following correctly in sentences, Cite, site, sight, fane, fain, feign, vane, vain, vein, raze, raise, rays.

The sources that were used to cite this test as being genuine were quite shady.
My site is ready to be uploaded to the Internet.
My vision is 2/150, so I have very bad sight.
The church was a fane.
I would be fain if this test were shorter.
It is a simple matter to feign ignorance.
The fan has 3 vanes on it.
I am a very vain person.
A nurse puts an IV into a person?s vein.
A bulldozer can raze a building.
I will raise my arm to smack the creator of this test
The rays of a laser beam are very dangerous.

10. Write 10 words frequently mispronounced and indicate pronunciation by use of diacritical marks and by syllabication.

This is online, so I can?t really make diacritical marks look right. I will have to skip this one for technical reasons (Yes again, and I?m still not complaining)

Geography (Time, one hour)

1. What is climate? Upon what does climate depend?

Climate is the average weather conditions of a place. It depends on it?s location as well as other slightly less important factors.

2. How do you account for the extremes of climate in Kansas?

It is accounted by the fact that it is smack in the middle of the United state and gets weather patterns from all coasts and regions intersecting there.

3. Of what use are rivers? Of what use is the ocean?

Rivers provide ready access to potable water to wildlife and people.
The ocean is a storage tank for all the excess water to flow , ebb, and exchange from the rivers and lakes.


5. Name and describe the following: Monrovia, Odessa, Denver, Manitoba, Hecla, Yukon, St. Helena, Juan Fernandez, Aspinwall and Orinoco.


I honestly have no clue about these without looking them up

6. Name and locate the principal trade centers of the U.S.


The principal trade centers are Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, New Orleans, and Miami. If you happen to be an American Girl fan, the primary trade center Is Madison, Wisconsin.


7. Name all the republics of Europe and give capital of each.

France and Switzerland. Capitols are Paris and Bern. As far as I know, the rest of Europe is are all monarchies or principalities.


8. Why is the Atlantic Coast colder than the Pacific in the same latitude?

I think the rocky mountains block the jet stream of cold air from Japan from coming in. If I ever actually need to know this I will ask my brother, since he?s the meteorologist.

9. Describe the process by which the water of the ocean returns to the sources of rivers.

Evaporation and condensation. It evaporates and is returned to rivers in the form of rain snow and hail.


10. Describe the movements of the earth. Give inclination of the earth.

The earth rotates around the sun, I don?t really understand this one otherwise and I really have no clue what the inclination of the sun is.


Health (Time, 45 minutes)

1. Where are the saliva, gastric juice, and bile secreted? What is the use of each in
digestion?

Saliva comes from glands in the mouth. It helps us to eat food and keep our mouths moist. Gastric juice comes from the stomach and helps digest our food. Bile comes from the liver and carries away waste products.

2. How does nutrition reach the circulation?

Nutrition is absorbed through the intestines and stored in the liver.

3. What is the function of the liver? Of the kidneys?

The liver stores vitamins and creates bile to help digest food. The kidneys process the waste products and extra water your body doesn?t need and sends the water to the bladder which becomes urine.

4. How would you stop the flow of blood from an artery in the case of laceration?

A tourniquet or pressure until proper medical attention can be gotten.

5. Give some general directions that you think would be beneficial to preserve the human body in a state of health.

One should eat good food, and exercise. Also one should play with dolls as much as humanly possible!

Wow,that is a very hard test.I wosuld do good in Social Studies!