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He said as he approached the vehicle,
he saw a boy he believed to be about 7 or 8 years old -
- motionless with his eyes wide open and covered in blood.
3 Children Found Dead With Stab Wounds in Car | NBC Southern California
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If current trend holds,
the number of Cubans seeking entry
through Laredo will be about 24,700 this fiscal year.
That's about 60 percent more than 2014’s 15,600
and nearly twice as many as 2013’s 12,445.
Data: Record number of Cubans crossing the Texas-Mexico border seeking asylum : News : ValleyCentral.com
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Sullivan City police stopped so many smugglers
and seized so much marijuana that nobody bothered
with the bits that littered the evidence room floor.
Why a cop who seized tons of marijuana stole a handful ? and how Sullivan City handled it : News : ValleyCentral.com
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Officer Angel de la Mora squatted on the dirty floor, picking through stray bits of marijuana.
Sullivan City police stopped so many smugglers and seized so much marijuana that nobody bothered with the bits that littered the evidence room floor.
De la Mora grabbed a handful and stuffed the marijuana inside a bottle of rubbing alcohol.
“It was a stupid, dumb mistake,” de la Mora said months later during an interview. “But there’s more to it.”
Police Chief Miguel Martinez stood by the door, watching de la Mora take handful after handful of marijuana. Police Inv. Reynaldo Cortes also stood nearby, occasionally chatting with the chief.
They weren’t concerned about two security cameras that recorded the incident on May 21.
If a police sergeant hadn’t tipped off the Texas Rangers, nobody would have missed the marijuana.
“For me, it was more of a Barney Fife deal,” said attorney Ricardo Salinas, who represents de la Mora — referencing the dimwitted but well-meaning deputy from “The Andy Griffith Show.”
“I don’t believe that him or the chief really meant to do anything wrong,” Salinas said. “Ignorance of the law is no excuse, but I don’t think it’s really worth pursuing.”
The Texas Rangers apparently didn’t agree.
Nearly three weeks later, the Rangers raided the Sullivan City Police Department and seized the surveillance footage.
They also presented Sullivan City with a search warrant that placed the police department on notice: The Rangers believed the incident may have constituted theft by a public servant, a state jail felony, and abuse of official capacity, a Class A misdemeanor.
While the raid surprised Sullivan City administrators, problems with the police department aren’t anything new.
The troubled police department went through five police chiefs during the past five years.
In June 2010, federal agents arrested Chief Hernan Guerra Jr., who pleaded guilty to drug trafficking. Frustrated with city politics, Interim Chief Carlos Lucio left just 14 months later. The City Commission fired Chief Jose Anaya for unprofessional conduct. And Chief Juan Alejandro resigned after Sullivan City administrators asked him to stop sleeping at the department.
That left Sullivan City with veteran patrolman Miguel Martinez, who got the top job primarily because the City Commission knew he would stick around.
Constant turnover allowed de la Mora and other officers with questionable records to avoid scrutiny for years.
“To me, it wasn’t a police department per se,” said Joe Cantu, a semi-retired Rio Grande Valley lawman who spent a year working for Sullivan City. “It was just a bunch of guys who carry guns and badges and aren’t properly trained.”
CASH AND CORRUPTION
Named for local rancher Ed W. Sullivan, what’s now Sullivan City originally served as a stop on the Missouri Pacific Railroad.
The fledgling city gradually annexed more than a dozen nearby colonias during the past 40 years, bringing the population to nearly 4,200.
Narrow, bumpy roads cut through the town, which doesn’t have streetlights or sidewalks. At night, headlights illuminate roads running south to the Rio Grande.
About 42 percent of working-age residents hold jobs, according to the most recent American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The median household income is about $25,000, less than half the national average.
Sullivan City’s few businesses sit on U.S. 83, the Rio Grande Valley’s major east-west highway and, by default, a key smuggling corridor.
Officers routinely stop drug traffickers and immigrant smugglers on the highway, seizing cars and cash.
Even with forfeiture funds, which subsidize the police department, Sullivan City can’t afford to pay competitive wages.
Officers make $14 per hour, said City Manager Judy Davila — $29,120 annually.
Though police have the opportunity to work overtime, they earn substantially less than counterparts at the Hidalgo County Sheriff’s Office and the nearby Mission Police Department.
Mission pays new officers $44,133 annually, according to a salary survey conducted by a professor at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. The Sheriff’s Office pays new deputies $39,140 annually.
Lousy pay leaves Sullivan City with high turnover and low standards at the nine-officer police department.
“Small departments with low pay seem to get the bottom of the barrel,” said Cantu, the former Sullivan City police investigator. “And sometimes that extends all the way to the top.”
Several local officers, including former police Chief Hernan Guerra Jr., have been caught working with smugglers.
In June 2010, federal agents arrested Guerra for working with a Tamaulipas-based drug trafficking organization.
Guerra helped the organization dodge Border Patrol agents and kept Sullivan City police away from drug shipments. He also rigged city vehicle auctions for drug traffickers.
In exchange, the smugglers paid him $500 to $2,000 every month, according to federal court records.
He pleaded guilty and received a 10-year prison sentence.
“You seemed to scoff, really, at getting caught,” said U.S. District Judge Randy Crane, according to a transcript of the April 2011 sentencing hearing. “You didn’t care. You were going to do it anyway. I remember being appalled listening to some of the things you were saying on wiretaps.”
Afterward, the National Geographic Channel featured Sullivan City on “Border Wars.”
Producers sent a cameraman on patrol with then-police Cpl. Angel de la Mora for an episode titled Cash and Corruption.
“People don’t trust police officers here in Sullivan,” de la Mora said during the ride-along. “They have no respect for us. And we’re trying to fix that.”
PAST PROBLEMS
Both Sullivan City and de la Mora wanted a do-over.
After crewing an M1 Abrams tank during Operation Iraqi Freedom, de la Mora submitted an application to the Hidalgo Police Department in February 2008.
“All my life, my dream is to become a police officer, help people and apply the law,” de la Mora wrote, according to Hidalgo Police Department records.
Impressed by several U.S. Army commendations and recommendations from references who described the 24-year-old veteran as a hard worker, Hidalgo hired de la Mora.
He quickly joined the department SWAT team and patrolled the Hidalgo-Reynosa International Bridge, among other assignments.
While de la Mora received a warning for writing faulty traffic tickets, according to personnel records, serious problems didn’t surface until April 14, 2009, when he misplaced a department-issued pistol.
Five days later, a woman called the Hidalgo Police Department and complained de la Mora had followed her home.
The woman said de la Mora approached her and began asking questions about a criminal case — without approval from department investigators and informing dispatchers.
“As a probationary police officer, it is important that you understand that disciplinary actions play a crucial role in determining your continued employment with the department,” then-Capt. Robert Vela wrote to de la Mora, according to a police department memo. “I suggest that you take the time to reflect on your employment with this department, as any future disciplinary actions could result in termination.”
The department suspended de la Mora without pay for three days. He resigned fewer than two weeks later.
Hidalgo submitted paperwork to the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement that listed de la Mora’s separation as “Honorably Discharged: Resigned in good standing to pursue L.E. career.”
The honorable discharge allowed de la Mora to start over with a new law enforcement agency: the Sullivan City Police Department.
THE COCAINE COP
In Sullivan City, de la Mora developed a reputation for aggressively chasing down drug smugglers.
“De la Mora is a good guy,” said former police Chief Carlos Lucio, who hired him in July 2010. “He did more busts than anybody I ever knew.”
After making an arrest, de la Mora and other Sullivan City cops routinely posed for tough-guy photos with the bundles of marijuana they seized. Sometimes they brandished assault weapons for dramatic effect.
“I couldn’t pay them any more money, because the department didn’t have any more money,” Lucio said, adding that he started the photo wall to boost morale after the former chief’s arrest. “It was something to be proud of.”
Police hung the photos at the Sullivan City administration building, with the biggest busts hanging above the rest.
De la Mora topped them all.
“What makes him a good officer is the very thing that got him into trouble,” said Salinas, de la Mora’s attorney.
Unlike many by-the-book cops, de la Mora understands how smugglers think, Salinas said, adding that the insight allowed him to develop informants and take drugs off the street.
“Sometimes, if you’re fighting the devil, you need to do it with someone more or less on his level,” Salinas said.
Former Sullivan City police Officer Juan Sotelo said he witnessed de la Mora’s dark side on March 10, 2012.
While working off-duty security at Jaguars — an Edinburg strip club with nude dancers — Sotelo said he spotted de la Mora.
“Officer Sotelo stated that Officer de la Mora was heavily intoxicated and appeared to be under the influence of an illegal substance, due to the fact that he observed a white substance on his nose,” according to records from an internal investigation conducted by the Sullivan City Police Department.
Sotelo later filed a lawsuit against Sullivan City, claiming the department retaliated against him for reporting wrongdoing.
His attorney, Javier Pe?a, provided the confidential internal investigation to KGBT-TV, which independently verified the document’s authenticity.
The police sergeant who investigated the incident confirmed Sotelo’s story by contacting another officer who worked off-duty security at Jaguars that night, according to the report.
Afterward, the sergeant bought an off-the-shelf drug test from Walgreens and asked de la Mora to submit a urine sample.
De la Mora tested positive for cocaine, according to the internal investigation. He resigned effective immediately.
However, the Walgreens drug test wouldn’t stand up to legal scrutiny. Sullivan City had botched the investigation.
SECOND CHANCE
Fewer than two months later, de la Mora reapplied to the Sullivan City Police Department.
He submitted the standard 13-page job application, which asked: Have you ever used marijuana or any other drug not prescribed by your physician?
“Yes,” wrote de la Mora, according to a copy of the application obtained through a public information request. “Cocaine. The situation was an ordeal.”
Sullivan City hired him back anyway.
Nearly all drug trafficking and immigrant smuggling cases involve cars, Lucio said, adding that the department would file civil forfeiture proceedings against the vehicles. Money from the vehicle auctions funded equipment and other police department expenditures.
“Sullivan City can’t support itself on the citations,” Lucio said, referencing traffic tickets. “It can’t. The money is in forfeitures.”
For the cash-strapped city, forfeiture funds have become so important the police chief talks with the City Commission about seized vehicles at monthly meetings.
“That’s why they wouldn’t let him go: Because the police department is a business,” Lucio said. “And anyone who says otherwise is lying.”
BACK IN UNIFORM
After returning to the department, de la Mora resumed chasing down drug smugglers.
On May 30, 2012, he attempted to stop a white 1998 Ford Crown Victoria for ignoring a stop sign, according to Hidalgo County court records.
The driver barreled down Cypress Street, turned onto Pinto Street, and stopped abruptly, according to an affidavit recounting the incident. The driver ran, leaving behind about 290 pounds of marijuana.
De la Mora had chalked up another bust, and the department impounded another vehicle.
Other than the occasional high-speed chase, he kept a relatively low profile at Sullivan City until the marijuana went missing.
MISSING MARIJUANA
Police Chief Miguel Martinez met de la Mora near the evidence room at about 1:15 p.m. on May 21.
Concerned about a relative with joint pain, de la Mora wanted permission to take a small amount of marijuana from the evidence room.
Some people believe mixing marijuana with wintergreen rubbing alcohol soothes joint pain, and de la Mora had a relative with bad knees.
“They had said it was a folk remedy for the bones,” de la Mora said months later during an interview. “For the actual pain in the bones.”
He uncapped a small bottle of rubbing alcohol and poured roughly half in a nearby garbage can.
While Martinez watched, de la Mora started scooping stray bits of marijuana from the evidence room floor and stuffing them inside the bottle.
Cortes, the police investigator, stood nearby.
Two surveillance cameras captured the incident, recording de la Mora both inside and outside the evidence room.
After taking the marijuana, de la Mora went back to work.
Five hours later, he stopped a gray Chevrolet Equinox driving east on U.S. 83, according to Hidalgo County court records. Two immigrants from El Salvador, still muddy from illegally crossing the Rio Grande, were hiding behind the passenger seats.
De la Mora called Border Patrol and impounded the Equinox.
The missing marijuana, though, hadn’t escaped notice.
THE TEXAS RANGERS
Apparently suspicious about all the activity near the evidence room, police Sgt. Daniel Duran reviewed the recordings.
Stunned by what the surveillance footage showed, he called the Texas Rangers.
The Rangers raided the department on June 8. They removed the surveillance system’s hard drive, confiscating the footage as evidence.
Investigators also presented city administrators with a search warrant listing two possible offenses: theft by a public servant, a state jail felony, and abuse of official capacity, a Class A misdemeanor.
The case remains under investigation, said Sgt. Johnny Hernandez, a spokesman for the Texas Department of Public Safety, who declined to comment further.
THE FALLOUT
When the Rangers left, Sullivan City administrators swiftly punished everyone involved.
City Manager Judy Davila fired de la Mora, who admitted taking the marijuana but said he received permission from the police chief.
Martinez denied giving de la Mora permission, Davila said.
City Attorney Ricardo Gonzalez stopped Martinez from answering questions about what happened.
“I think you shouldn’t answer that,” Gonzalez said, interrupting Martinez during an interview with KGBT-TV. “It deals with a pending criminal charge, and it will interfere with the investigation.”
Gonzalez said Sullivan City doesn’t have a copy of the surveillance footage and can’t independently verify what happened.
Without proof, city administrators took the chief’s word.
Davila suspended Martinez and Cortes for three days without pay, punishing them for “unbecoming conduct.”
Both still work for Sullivan City.
“Mainly because they haven’t pressed any charges against them or anything,” Davila said. “So they still deserve the benefit of the doubt.”
Davila also punished Duran, the police sergeant who reported the incident to the Texas Rangers, suspending him without pay for three days.
“In your statement, you admit having delivered a police department video recording to the Texas Department of Public Safety-Texas Rangers Division,” according to the suspension memo.
Along with violating city policy by providing confidential information to the Rangers, the memo accused Duran of tampering with evidence.
He refused to sign the document.
“Please note that any other dissemination of confidential information will lead to termination,” the memo concluded.
Duran declined to comment.
Friends said they weren’t surprised he called the Rangers.
“That’s how he’s always been,” said Joey Puente, who met Duran during high school. “If something goes wrong, he just wants to make it right.”
Duran still works for Sullivan City, patrolling alongside the police chief and investigator he reported to the Rangers.
REGRETS
Today, de la Mora works construction jobs to support himself.
Taking the marijuana was a mistake, but de la Mora said he left Sullivan City with a clean conscience, knowing he had permission from the police chief.
After all, de la Mora said, if he actually wanted marijuana, he could have stolen a bundle during a drug bust without anyone knowing — rather than take a few handfuls while surveillance cameras recorded everything.
“I’m a law-abiding citizen,” de la Mora said. “Mistakes have a price. I guess if God has another purpose for me, another reason, I just pray it will be the best for me. For my family.”
His attorney suggested de la Mora might eventually seek another law enforcement job.
“At the end of the day, we need to balance out the mistakes he’s made against the good he’s done,” Salinas said, adding that good cops aren’t perfect. “The difference between him and other cops is that this guy got caught.”
Why a cop who seized tons of marijuana stole a handful ? and how Sullivan City handled it : News : ValleyCentral.com
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Arturo Hernandez ?
Bakersfield, California
fierro this story has a lot more they didnt put in. Lol
Like ? Reply ? 5 ? Sep 5, 2015 1:33pm
Eloldg Rey
Son las mulas del congo
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 9:29pm
Al Lopez Jr. ?
Rio Grande High School
This Angel de la mora is scum he made false statement on affidavits and gave people fake citations he even took marijuana without putting it on the reports
Along with his partner some faggot that I can remember his name I think it's Pruneda
Like ? Reply ? 3 ? Sep 5, 2015 4:17pm
Goyo Gonzalez ?
Sullivan City, Texas
That other rat still works for sullivan pd...i live in Sullivan i think all this so called police are fucking rats and corrupt
Like ? Reply ? 6 ? Sep 5, 2015 6:17pm
Eloldg Rey
Pruneda is also a cocaine using cop. He buys 8-balls
Like ? Reply ? 4 ? Sep 5, 2015 9:28pm
Philip Townsend ?
T.H.E. Habitual Criminal at T.H.C. -Texas Hustlin' Chronicles
If a law is unjust it is not only your right, but your duty to disobey it.
Like ? Reply ? 3 ? Sep 5, 2015 1:21pm
Arturo Hernandez ?
Bakersfield, California
Does any one know what happened to de la mora. Arrested or got away. And for the both that saw they were as guilty as the one who did it. Smells funny
Like ? Reply ? 3 ? Sep 5, 2015 4:25pm
Ruben Flores ?
Edinburg High School
damn that's a long story.........I believe it......should've put a hard cover on it and sold it at stores........
Like ? Reply ? 5 ? Sep 5, 2015 1:01pm
Luis Estrada
Yes and name it "Mari take my pain away ".
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 5:24pm
Arturo Hernandez ?
Bakersfield, California
hair follicle test for all the police department . Lol
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 11:17pm
Eloldg Rey
Pruneda tambien le pone al pase, se avienta sus pericasos. Y Rey cortez lo pescaron pedo en palmview y en mission le dieron un dwi. Puro mugrero. Y el chief Miguel Martinez se robo un asador ... Pura cuacha
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 9:26pm
Irene Ramos Salazar
If it's against the law, don't do it!! Simple as that. Mora did wrong and should have been fired, no and, ifs, or buts about it.
Like ? Reply ? 2 ? Sep 5, 2015 2:08pm
Al Lopez Jr. ?
Rio Grande High School
Yo no se como ese perro Pruneda esta de policia se esconde atras de esa bacha ke trae la mugre esa alrato el karma Le da en toda la madre
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 9:50pm
Bella Gee ?
Turlock High School
When I was a little girl ,my grandmother would visit from mexico and she would bring some green alcohol with mj in it. She suffered from athritis and it would alleviate the pain in her bones so she would say. She said that the plants would grow freely at the outskirts of the city. That was in the early 70's .
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 5:35pm
Tina Diaz
Wow, speechless
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 1:02pm
Derick Lee Garcia ?
News Producer at Time Warner Cable News Austin
Dang.
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 12:26pm
Rosa Cedillo ?
South Texas College
Law abiding citizen
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 2:53pm
Alfonso Ramirez ?
Green Forest, Arkansas
They all needs to be locked up for corruption and get people out of the valley to work their.
Like ? Reply ? 1 ? Sep 5, 2015 2:21pm
Dave Rex
I hate sullivan police... Those people are known to plant crap in your car if they dont like you. Also anyone is routinely stopped for no reason and treated as criminals. If you dont comply with their Nazi methods they are ready to accuse you of being under the influence and will not hesitate to plant. If you get stopped their... Lock your car and request a DPS, those people treat everyone with respect, well most unless they are rookies.
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 12:24pm
Hilda Green ?
Weslaco High School
Wow what a long story..I quit reading it on paragraph 10..At the end of the day things will work out.
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 9:00pm
Thomas Almaguer ?
Logistics Specialist I at Fluor Corporation
A wrong is a wrong no matter how it is said. And to think that others with petty things in their background can't event get a first time chance. Oh well!!!! Kharma will always be around. And what's up with the lawyer that says "it ain't worth pursuing?" Shady lawyer right there... but then again it ain't no surprise there. Never a dull moment in the valley.
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 9:05pm
Ryan Vela ?
Laboratory Technician at Naval Hospital Camp Pendleton
...Only in the valley. Smh.
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 9:43pm
Esmeralda Ayala ?
Pharr-San Juan-Alamo High School
Where's that lady that always says she hates criminals , even the cheif was making deals with smugglers .According to her all of them wearing a badge deserve respect. B..S to all of them... Mora yes weed in alcohol and then applied to pain like for arthritis etc its a great remedy...
Like ? Reply ? Sep 5, 2015 6:52pm
Hector Mercado ?
Works at Retired
Where can I get some ? I have arthritis on my shoulder .
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 3:09am
Hector Mercado ?
Works at Retired
Not really - I guess I'll have to suffer w/ pain . I don't want to be in the news .
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 3:10am
Goyo Gonzalez ?
Sullivan City, Texas
This guy is a fucking rat he should not even be a police officer...
Like ? Reply ? 2 ? Sep 5, 2015 12:37pm
Milo Tamez ?
Houston, Texas
The Chief of Police Miguel martinez used to work under former police Chief Hernan Guerra. They are the same officers who allowed drugs to get passed. Funny, how ex-officer De La Mora is recieving a $3000 VA check, this means he is mentally or physically disabled. I wonder which? He is too young to get a VA check. Chief Martinez and City Manager Judy Davila have to be released since they can't be trusted. Poor people of Sullivan!
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 4:18pm
Southern Cannabis
Jesus can we put an end to this ridiculous war on a plant that grows in the ground already??
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 7:37am
Kal El Garcia ?
The University of Texas-Pan American (UTPA)
Ignorance is no excuse? But at the same time not worth pursuing? That's some Barney fife attorney you got there
Like ? Reply ? Sep 6, 2015 6:23am
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Zam Ueel
I think the 23 states can't be wrong, you can't keep people from getting their medicine. remember it's a plant that grows every 6 months, which comes from a seed that god gave to human's. Let's not be too ignorant about the subject...
Last updated on: 7/1/2015 4:32:52 PM PST
23 Legal Medical Marijuana States and DC
Laws, Fees, and Possession Limits
I. Summary Chart
II. Details by State
III. Sources
I. Summary Chart: 23 states and DC have enacted laws to legalize medical marijuana
State Year
Passed How Passed
(Yes Vote) Possession Limit
1. Alaska
1998
Ballot Measure 8 (58%)
1 oz usable; 6 plants (3 mature, 3 immature)
2. Arizona
2010 Proposition 203 (50.13%) 2.5 oz usable; 0-12 plants
3. California
1996
Proposition 215 (56%) 8 oz usable; 6 mature or 12 immature plants
4. Colorado
2000
Ballot Amendment 20 (54%)
2 oz usable; 6 plants (3 mature, 3 immature)
5. Connecticut 2012 House Bill 5389 (96-51 H, 21-13 S) One-month supply (exact amount to be determined)
6. DC 2010 Amendment Act B18-622 (13-0 vote) 2 oz dried; limits on other forms to be determined
7. Delaware 2011 Senate Bill 17 (27-14 H, 17-4 S) 6 oz usable
8. Hawaii
2000
Senate Bill 862 (32-18 H; 13-12 S)
3 oz usable; 7 plants (3 mature, 4 immature)
9. Illinois 2013 House Bill 1 (61-57 H; 35-21 S) 2.5 ounces of usable cannabis during a period of 14 days
10. Maine
1999
Ballot Question 2 (61%)
2.5 oz usable; 6 plants
11. Maryland 2014 House Bill 881 (125-11 H; 44-2 S) 30-day supply, amount to be determined
12. Massachusetts 2012 Ballot Question 3 (63%) 60-day supply for personal medical use
13. Michigan 2008 Proposal 1 (63%) 2.5 oz usable; 12 plants
14. Minnesota 2014 Senate Bill 2470 (46-16 S; 89-40 H) 30-day supply of non-smokable marijuana
15. Montana
2004
Initiative 148 (62%)
1 oz usable; 4 plants (mature); 12 seedlings
16. Nevada
2000
Ballot Question 9 (65%)
1 oz usable; 7 plants (3 mature, 4 immature)
17. New Hampshire 2013 House Bill 573 (284-66 H; 18-6 S) Two ounces of usable cannabis during a 10-day period
18. New Jersey
2010
Senate Bill 119 (48-14 H; 25-13 S)
2 oz usable
19. New Mexico 2007 Senate Bill 523 (36-31 H; 32-3 S)
6 oz usable; 16 plants (4 mature, 12 immature)
20. New York
2014
Assembly Bill 6357 (117-13 A; 49-10 S)
30-day supply non-smokable marijuana
21. Oregon
1998
Ballot Measure 67 (55%)
24 oz usable; 24 plants (6 mature, 18 immature)
22. Rhode Island
2006
Senate Bill 0710 (52-10 H; 33-1 S)
2.5 oz usable; 12 plants
23. Vermont
2004
Senate Bill 76 (22-7) HB 645 (82-59)
2 oz usable; 9 plants (2 mature, 7 immature)
24. Washington
1998
Initiative 692 (59%)
24 oz usable; 15 plants
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Journal of a Programmer: Phenomenally complex security exploits
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Here's the conclusion; the whole paper is fun to read:
Although the time it took us to reach reliable exploitation neared several weeks it was worth the effort to prove a few things. Some people would have called this vulnerability "un-exploitable", which is obviously not the case. While others would have claimed remote code execution without actually showing it was possible. X-Force always demands that a working exploit be written for a code execution bug. This way, we never have to use the term "potential code execution". Finally we had to prove that the heap cache exploitation techniques were not just parlor tricks designed for a BlackHat talk, but a real-world technique that could leverage near impossible exploitation scenarios into internet victories.[
https://securityintelligence.com/wp-...rigs_Chart.png
' Just last month ', Security Intelligence warned about a new and modular Trojan called CoreBot, indicating its internal structure suggested a new threat about to evolve.
CoreBot’s developers did not wait long. Within a matter of days, new samples of CoreBot, discovered and analyzed by IBM X-Force researchers, revealed that the malware has become a full-fledged banking Trojan — almost overnight. This seemingly quick evolution is most likely due to a longer development and testing phase that just recently ended.
What has been added to CoreBot to become a banking Trojan? In short:
Browser hooking for Internet Explorer, Firefox and Google Chrome;
Generic real-time form-grabbing;
A virtual network computing (VNC) module for remote control;
Man-in-the-middle (MitM) capabilities for session takeover;
Preconfigured URL triggers to target banks;
A custom webinjection mechanism;
On-the-fly webinjections from a remote server.
CoreBot’s Targets
CoreBot now comes with a list of 55 URL triggers that launch it into action. All triggers are online banking sites in the U.S., Canada and the U.K. The triggers include the corporate banking, business banking and private banking pages of 33 target financial institutions.
CoreBot’s configuration file appears to be using a trigger format that is very similar to Dyre’s, where not all URLs are very precise. Rather, the triggers are written in regular expressions (RegEx) format, which helps the Trojan fixate on URL patterns and thus target a wider array of financial institutions that use the same electronic banking platforms.
CoreBot Target Geos per Number of URL Triggers in Each
CoreBot’s New Financial M.O.
With its new theft mechanisms, CoreBot has a new modus operandi. Instead of only stealing stored passwords, it now acts like other banking Trojans such as Zeus, Dyre and Dridex:
To begin, CoreBot grabs the victim’s credentials.
It displays social engineering to manipulate the victim into divulging more information/personally identifiable information (PII).
The Trojan alerts the fraudster to get online once a session has been authenticated.
The malware displays a wait notice to stall the victim while the fraudster connects to the endpoint via VNC and takes the session over.
Web injection CoreBot displays victims with in order to stall them post-login
At this point, the fraudster can use the session cookie to merge into the same Web session and take over to initiate a transaction or modify the parameters of an existing transfer. The money is subsequently sent to an account the fraudster controls.
Browser Hooking
In its previous version, CoreBot was only defined as an information stealer because it did not possess the capabilities that would enable it to steal username and password combinations in real time from the victim’s browser. This has changed, and CoreBot now hooks the three most popular browsers — Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer — to be able to monitor browsing, steal data and apply webinjections.
Some of CoreBot’s hooks are:
Hooked Functions in Chrome
– WS2_32!closesocket
– WS2_32!connect (+0xcd1)
– WS2_32!WSASend (+0x1fe9)
– WS2_32!WSAConnect (+0x52f4)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByList (+0xf5cd)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameW (+0x552)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameA (+0x387)
– CRYPT32!CertGetCertificateChain
– CRYPT32!CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy (+0x21df)
– mswsock!MSAFD_ConnectEx
Hooked Functions in Firefox
– nss3!CERT_VerifyCertificate
– CRYPT32!CertGetCertificateChain
– WS2_32!closesocket
– WS2_32!WSASend (+0x1fe9)
– WS2_32!WSAConnect (+0x52f4)
– WS2_32!send (+0x92d)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByList (+0xf5cd)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameW (+0x552)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameA (+0x387)
Hooked Functions in IE
– WS2_32!closesocket
– WS2_32!connect (+0xcd1)
– WS2_32!WSASend (+0x1fe9)
– WS2_32!WSAConnect (+0x52f4)
– WS2_32!send (+0x92d)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByList (+0xf5cd)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameW (+0x552)
– WS2_32!WSAConnectByNameA (+0x387)
– CRYPT32!CertGetCertificateChain
– CRYPT32!CertVerifyCertificateChainPolicy (+0x21df)
Generic Form-Grabbing
Since it has the relevant browser’s functions hooked, CoreBot can begin grabbing form data sent in HTTP requests. The Trojan waits for the victim to hit the login button and steals the entire HTTP post request, similar to the way the Dyre Trojan grabs the same data. The request contains the URL from which it was stolen, the username and password entered by the victim, the victim’s user agent string and some parameters the Trojan transmits to its operator about cookies.
This grabbing is generic in nature, hence it steals any authentication credentials entered on the browser. These include access to banks and any other Web resources the victim might access (webmail, online wallets and social networks, to name a few).
New MitM Plugin
CoreBot’s modular structure was constructed with additional plugins in mind. After the first stealer plugin for the theft of stored passwords, CoreBot now has a new MitM plugin, named mk1.pdb. CoreBot’s operator uses this capability to take over post-login online banking session.
‘Ping’ the Fraudster!
In order to be online at the same time as the victim, CoreBot’s operators use a manual MitM attack scenario. They have programmed the malware to alert them with an instant message as soon as a specific bot comes online so that they can be ready to take the session over.
Along with CoreBot’s alert, the malware counts the number of times the same bot initiated a banking session and presents the new total to the fraudster. For example: “sess_id”:15.
This alert to the fraudster is part of a familiar manual MitM attack scenario used often in previous years when account takeover became more challenging. When blocked by detection that relied on IP addresses, device ID, user agent strings or device fingerprints, fraudsters opted for this manual intervention in order to attempt fraud from the original device. It is still used today by fraudsters to bypass device-based security.
Virtual Network Computing
VNC is a popular Trojan plugin, and CoreBot now possesses one of its own. While VNC is not inherently malicious, many fraudsters use these graphical desktop sharing systems to remotely control infected endpoints and abuse them for spam, proxying Web traffic and fraudulent transactions.
CoreBot uses a Hidden VNC bot called hVNC as a plugin to remotely control endpoints while remaining invisible to the user. This module was allegedly created by the Zeus Trojan’s author, used by the Carberp Trojan, as well. The Hidden VNC opens another instance of the desktop, where the fraudster can move around freely yet be on the same device as the victim.
In CoreBot’s case, it appears that the VNC is also used to take over the webcam, but the meaning of “webcam” in this sense is not entirely clear. This could either mean the fraudster is checking if the victim is on the PC via the webcam, which is something remote-access tool (RAT) malware like BlackShades was infamous for. Or it could relate to a cam that records videos of the desktop in the same manner the Carbanak gang did in order to get familiar with more banking systems through watching victims operate them.
CoreBot
Custom Webinjection Mechanism
CoreBot contains triggers that launch webinjections of social engineering content to harvest data from the victim in order to conduct fraudulent transactions. The injection mechanism itself was surprisingly not borrowed from other malware, but is custom-made code that CoreBot’s author programmed.
Beyond the more typical injections designed for credential theft from infected customers of each targeted bank, CoreBot has a more intent focus on five major Canadian banks. In the case of these banks, CoreBot activates on-the-fly injections that are not saved locally in the configuration file, fetching them from a remote webinjection server.
This method is considered more advanced, and it is used today by malware like Dyre, Shifu and Dridex, for example. The purpose of a just-in-time injection is to conceal it from the eyes of security researchers, to quickly switch the injection when banks change the transaction authorization challenges they present customers with and to interact with victims more effectively in real time.
What’s Next for CoreBot?
After the changes CoreBot has seen of late, this malware should be considered a banking Trojan like any other. While it is not as widely distributed as other malware of this sort, it is only a matter of time before it starts appearing in malware campaigns designed to infect users in its target geographies.
Another point to keep in mind is that CoreBot is an active project that is in current development. It is likely we may learn more about new capabilities in the coming months and see it targeting other regions around the world. At this time, CoreBot is not being sold in the underground, but that, too, could change.
Fighting CoreBot
With IBM Security Trusteer solutions, financial organizations benefit from access to a real-time malware intelligence network that provides insight into fraudster techniques and capabilities — like the evolution of CoreBot into a banking Trojan, for example.
This global threat intelligence serves as the foundation for IBM Security Trusteer automated threat protection capabilities and is used by IBM Security experts to help develop and deliver new protections for organizations like yours.
At IBM, a research and development (R&D) team of security experts scrutinizes threat intelligence as it arrives. IBM Security Trusteer solutions use this intelligence to deliver flexible protection layers that can be rapidly configured and updated by IBM R&D staff. As a result, shortly after new threats emerge or mutate, new protections are automatically deployed back into Trusteer software without any intervention by bank security staff and without any noticeable impact to banking customers.
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